Molecular phylogenetics and tribal classification of Japanese Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Abstract Two of the largest subfamilies Crambidae, Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae, have 341 species recorded in Japan, but their natural relationships are poorly understood. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny based on one mitochondrial (COI) three nuclear genes (CAD, EF1-α, RpS5) for 129 69 genera Spilomelinae 62 27 from Japan. The concatenated data was analyzed by maximum likelihood Bayesian inference methods. Our results recovered most tribes recognized previous study, Pyraustini is paraphyletic as it includes Portentomorphini, Nomophilini comprise Trichaeini. species-rich Patania, Nacoleia, Glyphodes , Syllepte polyphyletic need thorough revision. In Pyraustinae, “Monocotyledon-clade” Anania sensu lato were first time. Based phylogenetic morphological investigations, we propose six taxonomic changes, including transfer Acropentias to Lathrotelinae Mabra Pyraustinae. Fourteen unplaced two newly assigned tribes.